PVGA
Updated: 07 February 2011
Use PVGA to calculate the present value of a growing annuity. The formula for the calculation of the present value of a growing annuity is:
Syntax
SELECT [wctFinancial].[wct].[PVGA](
<@Pmt, float,>
,<@Pgr, float,>
,<@Nper, float,>
,<@Rate, float,>
,<@Pay_type, int,>)
Arguments
@Pmt
the amount of the annuity payment in the first period. @Pmt is an expression of type float or of a type that can be implicitly converted to float.
@Pgr
the periodic growth rate of the annuity. This is the percentage amount, expressed as a decimal, by which the annuity will increase in each period. @Pgr is an expression of type float or of a type that can be implicitly converted to float.
@Nper
the number of annuity payments. @Nper is an expression of type float or of a type that can be implicitly converted to float.
@Rate
the percentage rate of return, expressed as a decimal, that you expect the annuity to earn over the number of periods. The annuity payments are discounted using this value. @Rate is an expression of type float or of a type that can be implicitly converted to float.
@Pay_type
the number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due. @Pay_type is an expression of type int or of a type that can be implicitly converted to int. If @Pay_type is not 0 it is assumed to be 1.
|
Set @Pay_type equal to
|
If payments are due
|
|
0
|
At the end of a period
|
|
1
|
At the beginning of a period
|
Return Type
float
Remarks
· The PVGA value will have the same sign as @Pmt.
· If the @Pay_type is not equal to zero, it is assumed to be 1.
· If @Rate is equal to -1 (-100%), PVGA will fall over with a divide by zero.
· To calculate the future value of a growing annuity, use the FVGA function.
Examples
Let’s say you make $40,000 per year, and you plan on saving 8% of your salary in a tax-deferred account. For purposes of this example, you will make the first payment of $3200 today and then make annual contributions. You expect your salary to increase 3% per year, and you expect your tax-deferred account to grow at 7% per year. What is the present value of those payments?
SELECT
wct.PVGA(3200 --@Pmt
,.03 --@Pgr
,40 --@Nper
,.07 --@Rate
,1 --@Pay_type
) as PVGA
This produces the following result.
PVGA
----------------------
66952.8851599539
(1 row(s) affected)
One way to interpret this result is that if you invested $66,952.89 today at a rate of 7% per for 40 years, you would have exactly the same amount of money as if you invested 8% of your salary, which you expect to increase 3% per year, over 40 years with an investment return of 7% per year. We can verify that calculation by using the future value (FV) function and the future value of a growing annuity function (FVGA).
SELECT
wct.FV(0.07,40,0,-66952.8851599539,0) as FV
,wct.FVGA(3200,.03,40,.07,1) as FVGA
This produces the following result.
FV FVGA
---------------------- ----------------------
1002583.156041 1002583.156041
(1 row(s) affected)
You could achieve the same result, though the SQL is more complicated, by creating the actual cash flows and then using the aggregate NPV function to calculate the net present value. Since we used a pay_type of 1, the NPV result needs to be multiplied by 1 plus the rate. We will use the SeriesInt function from XLeratorDB/math to create the cash flows.SELECT wct.NPV(.07,cf,per) * 1.07 as PVGA
FROM (
SELECT seriesvalue as per
,POWER(cast(1.03 as float), seriesValue) * 3200 as cf
FROM wct.SeriesInt(0,NULL, 1, 40, NULL)
) n
This produces the following result.
PVGA
----------------------
66952.8851599539
(1 row(s) affected)